[12] 西方极乐世界有哪四土？
[12] [The] Western [Pure] Land [Of] Ultimate Bliss Has Which Four Lands?
◎ 凡圣同居土，方便有余土，实报无障碍土，常寂光土。
◎ [Summary]: [They are the] Ordinary [And] Noble [Beings’] Together Dwelling Land, Skilful Means With Remainder Land, True Reward Without Obstacles Land [and] Eternally Still Light Land.
（一）凡圣同居土者，娑婆世界虽属秽土，亦有佛菩萨二乘圣人同生其间。然凡圣所见之境，与所受用，天渊悬殊。
(1) Although that Ordinary [And] Noble [Beings’] Together Dwelling Land [and the] Sahā World belong [to] defiled lands, [they] also have [a] Buddha, Bodhisattvas [and the] Two Vehicles’ Noble Persons [of Voice-Hearers (声闻) and Those By Conditions Awakened (缘觉)], together born within them. However, those realms that ordinary [and] noble [beings] see, with those benefits, [are like the] sky [and the] abyss, far apart.
西方约带业往生之人论，则生凡圣同居土。然此土清净微妙，如《弥陀经》，《无量寿经》所说。
Restricted [to] those persons bringing karmas [to be] reborn [in the] Western [Pure Land Of Ultimate Bliss (极乐世界)] discussing, [they are] then born [in the] Ordinary [And] Noble [Beings’] Together Dwelling Land. However, this land’s pure [and] refined wonders, [are] like those [in the] Amitā[bha] Sūtra [and] Immeasurable Life Sūtra spoken.
此土虽属带业往生之人所居，亦有法身菩萨及佛同居其中，为其说法，故亦名凡圣同居土。
Although this land belongs [to] that dwelled [by] those persons bringing karmas [to be] reborn, [it] also has [the] Dharma Body’s Bodhisattvas and Buddha together dwelling within it, for them speaking [the] Dharma. Thus [is it] also named [as the] Ordinary [And] Noble [Beings’] Together Dwelling Land.
但此为净土往生之人，虽未能如佛菩萨所见所受用之殊妙，然其气类相同，不比娑婆之条然各别也。
However, these as that Pure Land’s reborn persons, although [are] yet able [to be] like [the] Buddha [and] Bodhisattvas, [with the] special wonders of those seen [and] those benefitted, however, their bearings [and] kinds [are the] same [as] one another, not comparable [to] those [with] each thus different [in the] Sahā World.
此土亦分九品，若中下六品，则多须时劫，若上三品，则速得悟（悟无生，方能入实报）无生忍，登不退地，证入实报、寂光矣。
This land [is] also divided [into the] Nine Grades. If [born] within [the] lower six grades, then [with] many needing ages [though mere days there]. If [born within the] three higher grades, then quickly attaining awakening (awakening [to] Non-Birth, then able [to] enter [the] True Reward [Land]) [to] Non-Birth’s Forbearance, ascending non-retrogression’s ground, realising [and] entering [the] True Reward [and] Still Light [Lands].
（二）方便有余土者，乃已断见思，未破无明之人所居之土。
(2) That Skilful Means With Remainder Land, [is] thus that dwelling land of persons [who have] already severed [mistaken] views [and] thoughts, yet [to] destroy ignorance.
言方便者，以其所修系入真实之前方便。言有余者，虽断见思未破无明（尘沙无体，说不说俱可。若说，此九方便人，正破尘沙惑耳。），故言有余。
[On] that said ‘Skilful Means’, [it is] with those preceding skilful means cultivated, connected [to] entering [the] true. [On] that said [to be] ‘With Remainder’, although [having] severed [mistaken] views [and] thoughts, yet [to] destroy ignorance ([As its] dusts [and] sands [are] without essence, speaking [and] not speaking [of them], both can [be done]. If speaking [of them], these Nine Skilful Means’ persons, [are] precisely [those who have] destroyed dusts [and] sands’ confusions only.), thus said [to be] ‘With Reminder’.
若破无明，可称分证无余。若无明净尽（九方便，即藏教二乘，通教三乘，别教三贤，圆教十信。此九种人，同断见思，未破无明。），则是究竟无余矣。
If destroying ignorance, [this] can [be] called partial realisation without remainder. If [with] ignorance completely gone ([The] Nine Skilful Means, [are] thus [the Tri]piṭaka Teachings’ Two Vehicles [of Voice-Hearers (声闻) and Those By Conditions Awakened (缘觉)], Common Teachings’ Three Vehicles [of Voice-Hearers (声闻), Those By Conditions Awakened (缘觉) and Bodhisattvas (菩萨)], Separate Teachings’ Three Virtuous [Positions (位) of Ten Abodes (十住), Ten Practices (十行) and Ten Dedications (十回向) and] Complete Teachings’ Ten Faiths. These nine kinds [of] persons, [have] similarly severed [mistaken] views [and] thoughts, yet [to] destroy ignorance.), then is [the] ultimate without remainder.
（三）实报无障碍土者，即佛菩萨不思议福慧庄严所感之报土。
(3) That True Reward Without Obstacles’ Land, [is] thus [the] reward land that [the] Buddha [and] Bodhisattvas’ inconceivable blessings [and] wisdom’s adornments connect [to].
（四）常寂光土者，即佛菩萨所证之理性也。
(4) That Constant Still Light Land, [is] thus [the] Principles’ Nature that [the] Buddha [and] Bodhisattvas realised.
此二土本属一土，约所感之果报土言，则名实报。约所证之理性言，则名寂光。
These two lands originally belong [to] one land. Restricted [to] that connected fruit’s reward speaking, [it is] then named [as] True Reward. Restricted [to] that realised Principles’ Nature speaking, [it is] then named [as] Still Light.
圆教初住，初破一品无明，证一分三德，即入实报土，亦得名分证寂光。若至妙觉佛果，则是上上实报，究竟寂光矣。
[Those of the] Complete Teachings’ First Abode, first destroying one grade [of] ignorance, realising one part [of the] Three Virtues [of Wisdom’s Virtue (智德), Kindness’ Virtue (恩德) and Severing Afflictions’ Virtue (断德)], immediately entering [the] True Reward Land, also attain [that] named [as] partial realisation [of] Still Light. If reaching Wonderful Awakening’s Buddhahood’s fruit, [this] then is [the] most supreme True Reward [and] Ultimate Still Light.
《复恒渐法师书一》
First Reply Letter [To] Dharma Master Héngjiàn
净土宗十三祖印光大师著
Written [By] Pure Land Tradition’s 13th Patriarch Great Master Yìnguāng
《印光法师答念佛600问》
Dharma Master Yìnguāng’s Answers [For] Mindfulness [Of] Buddha’s 600 Questions
传印法师鉴定
Evaluated [By] Dharma Master Chuányìn
Námó Āmítuófó : Translation by Shen Shi’an
