何为三障？
[106] What Are [The] Three Obstacles?
三障者，即烦恼障、业障、报障。
Those three obstacles [are] thus [1] afflictions’ obstacles, [2] karmic obstacles [and] [3] retribution’s obstacles.
烦恼即无明，亦名为惑，即是于理不明（即贪瞋痴也），妄起各种不顺理之心念。
[1] Afflictions [are] thus ignorance, also named as confusions. Thus are [those] with principles not understood, (thus [with] greed, anger [and] ignorance), falsely giving rise [to] all kinds of thoughts [that do] not accord [with] principles.
[Note 1: Ignorance (无明/愚痴) is also named as delusion. When the principles (理) of the Dharma (i.e. reality or truth) are not understood, there will be ignorance, from which greed (贪) and anger (嗔) arise.]
（欲灭各种不顺理之心念，先须了知世间一切诸法，悉皆是苦、是空、是无常、是无我、是不净，则贪瞋痴三毒，无由而起矣。见《三编·与谢融脱书》）
([If] desiring [to] eliminate all kinds of thoughts [that do] not accord [with] principles, [this] first needs understanding [that the] world’s all dharmas, are all [with] suffering, are emptiness, are impermanent, are non-self, [and] are not pure. Then [will the] three poisons [of] greed, anger [and] ignorance, [be] unable [to] then arise. See Third Compilation’s Letter For Xiè Róngtuō.)
[Note 2: Dharmas (法) are phenomena of mind and matter (身心). As all phenomena is impermanent (无常), it is non-self (无我) (i.e. without self), with emptiness (空) in terms of being empty of permanence (常) and self (我). Thus, clinging to phenomena as otherwise will give rise to suffering (苦). Thus is such phenomena not pure (不净).]
业即由贪瞋痴烦恼之心，所作之杀盗淫等恶事，故名为业。
[2] Karmas [are] thus due [to the] mind of [1] afflictions [from] greed, anger [and] ignorance, [with] those doing evil matters of killing, stealing, sexual misconduct [and] others, thus named as karmas.
[Note 3: The karmas (业) above are evil karmas (恶业) as they arise from the three poisons (三毒). These three poisons are also the root causes of the three obstacles (三障).]
其业已成，则将来必定要受地狱、饿鬼、畜生之三途恶报也。
[With] these [2] karmas already accomplished, then [in the] future, [they] definitely must [be] received [with the] three realms’ evil [3] retribution, of hell-beings, hungry ghosts [and] animals.
[Note 4: The realm of hell-beings (地狱众生) is predominantly with anger (or hatred: 嗔), the realm of hungry ghosts (饿鬼) is predominantly with greed (贪), and the realm of animals (畜生) is predominantly with ignorance (痴).]
[Note 5: To summarise, [1] afflictions’ obstacles are (pre-existing or) ‘past’ hindrances (already present) (that create suffering), [2] karmic obstacles are present hindrances (that create suffering), and [3] retribution’s obstacles are future hindrances (that create suffering).]
[Note 6: As taught by Śākyamuni Buddha (释迦牟尼佛) in Meditation’s Secret Essential Methods’ Sūtra《禅秘要法经》, ‘You and others should teach those future sentient beings [i.e. those who surely include us in this Dharma-Ending Age] with transgressive karmas many, for eliminating transgressions thus, teach to enable them to be mindful of Buddha. With mindfulness of Buddha thus, eliminate all karmic obstacles, retribution’s obstacles and afflictions’ obstacles.’ (汝等当教未来众生罪业多者，为除罪故，教使念佛。以念佛故，除诸业障、报障、烦恼障。)]
净土宗十三祖印光大师
Pure Land Tradition’s 13th Patriarch Great Master Yìnguāng
《印光法师文钞》（三编）：复宁德晋书；
Dharma Master Yìnguāng’s Collected Writings (Third Compilation): Reply Letter [To] Níng Déjìn;
印光大师文钞菁华录（第一百零六则）：三、示修持方法：丙、明对治习气（第十三则）
Record [Of] Great Master Yìnguāng’s Collected Writings’ Essence (106th Short Section): 3rd [Chapter]: Guidance [On] Practice Methods: Third, Clear Remedies [For] Habitual Tendencies (13th Short Section)
[Ref: #106 / 3.3.13]
Namo Amituofo : Translation and notes by Shen Shi’an
相关典籍
Related Text:
《印光大师文钞菁华录》
Record Of Great Master Yìnguāng’s Collected Writings’ Essence
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