千万不要说没有发菩提心就不能往生
大安法师:「深信切愿,就是无上菩提心。你具足信愿,你就能往生。如果就从通途佛法的菩提心来看,你能发起通途的菩提心当然也很好,那就能够提高往生的品位。但万一中下辈的行人发不起通途的菩提心,他能不能往生呢?他只要具足信愿,照样可以往生。观经讲下品,下辈三品往生都是到西方极乐世界再发通途的菩提心的。到彼土去发菩提心的。所以千万不要说,没有发菩提心就不能往生。我们正面说应该提倡发菩提心,但是万一这个菩提心发不出来,具足信愿照样往生。」
净土菩提心偈
Verses On Pure Land Bodhicitta
澫祖已教,
深信发愿,
即是无上
菩提之心。[‘特别’菩提心]
The Pure Land Tradition’s Ninth Patriarch
Great Master Ǒuyì already taught,
that with profound Faith giving rise to Aspiration,
is unsurpassable Bodhi’s mind [i.e. ‘Special’ Bodhicitta].
具信愿行,
即生极乐。
上根者愿,
具菩提心。[通途菩提心]
Complete with Faith, Aspiration and Practice,
is immediate birth in the Land Of Ultimate Bliss.
The Aspiration of those of higher roots,
is complete with Common Bodhicitta.
已发心者, [通途菩提心]
更应了知,
非一般众,
易发大心。
Those who have already given rise to Common Bodhicitta,
should all the more understand clearly,
that it is not sentient beings in general,
who can easily give rise to this great mind.
善巧摄受,
中下根时,
少言菩提,[通途菩提心]
专信愿行。
When skilfully gathering in to receive
those of middle and lower roots,
speak less of Common Bodhicitta,
focusing upon Faith, Aspiration and Practice.
不确定者,
可劝发心, [通途菩提心]
但亦注重
生信愿行。
For those uncertain [to be of what roots],
there can be encouragement to give rise to Common Bodhicitta,
but also emphasizing upon
giving rise to Faith, Aspiration and Practice.
强求菩提,[通途菩提心]
若发不起,
丧失信愿,
何生极乐?
To insist on having Common Bodhicitta,
if not able to give rise to it,
while losing Faith and Aspiration,
how can there be birth in the Land Of Ultimate Bliss?
未发菩提,[通途菩提心]
不拒菩提;[通途菩提心]
唯信愿行,
亦能得生。
Those yet to give rise to Common Bodhicitta,
who do not reject Common Bodhicitta;
only with Faith, Aspiration and Practice,
also are able to attain birth.
花开闻法,
必发菩提。[通途菩提心]
慈悲度众,
以上应知。
When their lotus flowers blossom and they listen to the Dharma,
they will give rise to Common Bodhicitta there.
With loving-kindness and compassion delivering sentient beings,
the above should be known.
深信切愿即无上菩提
大安法师:「蕅益大师单刀直入的说,深信切愿即无上菩提,是真实不虚的,非常精辟的一种论断。我们了解这个,是针对一种说法,我们听到说:“你念佛,你不发菩提心就不能往生。”这个话,要仔细辨识了。这个菩提心是指什么?如果你就界定在通途的菩提心来说,就有点片面。当然,我们修净土法门也是大乘佛法,我们要力争发出通途的菩提心。但是如果业障深重,发不起通途的菩提心,他具足信愿,也照样可以往生。《观经》的下三品往生,都是没有发菩提心的,《观经》的中品也是没有发菩提心的,他们都是到西方极乐世界去发通途的菩提心的。所以,我们有圣言量的依据,但也不要否定人家发菩提心的功德。发菩提心,确实很重要,我们要赞叹,我们要尽量向这方面去做。我们尽量发大乘菩提心——通途菩提心,万一发不起来,只要具足深信切愿,也能往生,到彼土去发菩提心。这里面,一定要辨识清楚。要么差之毫厘,失之千里。这不能简单的去说,或者说:“你不发大乘菩提心,就不能往生”,这话固然有偏见,但你也不能说:“我往生,就不发菩提心”,你也不能这样去说,是吧?这里面都得要圆融的理解。」
为何要善巧说净土菩提心
Why There Must Be Skilful Speak Of Pure Land Bodhicitta
如果阿弥陀佛只度已发通途菩提心者,反而缺乏广度众生的菩提心。
If Āmítuófó only delivers those who have already given rise to Common Bodhicitta, this instead becomes lacking in Bodhicitta for widely delivering sentient beings.
如果往生净土‘须要’通途菩提心,大多众生都难往生。谁敢说自己在此已经发了圆满通途菩提心?
If birth in his Pure Land ‘must’ have Common Bodhicitta, most sentient beings will find it difficult to be born there. Who dares to say oneself has already given rise to perfect and complete Common Bodhicitta here?
就是难在此大发圆满通途菩提心,更要往生,因为在净土一定能自然自在发。
Exactly since is it difficult to give rise to perfect and complete Common Bodhicitta here, all the more should we be reborn there, as in Pure Land, there will definitely be ability to give rise to it there naturally and with ease.
强调‘要’发通途菩提心,反而不够菩提心 – 因为可能让人错认往生基本条件。如果听者觉得没发就去不了,反而害了他们。
To emphasize it is a ‘must’ to give rise to Common Bodhicitta, instead lacks Bodhicitta – because this might lead others to misunderstand the key provisions for rebirth in Pure Land. If listeners feel that since they have not given rise to it, they cannot reach Pure Land, this instead harms them.
比如,劝经历过多灾多难的阿公阿嫲发菩提心度一切众生是很难的事。他们心中可能想,‘打战杀害欺负我们的兵也要度吗?不可能!’
For example, encouraging the elderly who have experienced much disasters and hardship to give rise to Bodhicitta is very difficult. In their minds, they might be thinking, ‘Am I to also deliver the war soldiers, who killed, harmed and bullied us? No way!’
往生净土的善巧在于以‘深信发愿’念佛就行,发通途菩提心信愿行也行。强调这点能摄受更多众生,而单强调通途菩提心反而会令一些众生起烦恼,一直质疑自己是否能得生。
The skilfulness of rebirth in Pure Land is such that with ‘profound Faith giving rise to Aspiration’ to be mindful of Buddha will do, while giving rise to Common Bodhicitta with such Faith, Aspiration and Practice will do too. Emphasizing this is able to gather more sentient beings, while to only emphasize on Common Bodhicitta will instead lead some sentient beings to give rise to afflictions, to keep doubting if they are able to attain birth or not.
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