《梵网经菩萨戒本》：
Brahma Net Sūtra’s Bodhisattva Precepts’ Text:
四十八轻戒
Forty-Eight Light Precepts
The below continues from https://purelanders.com/2024/06/28/brahma-net-sutra-bodhisattva-precepts-text-ten-heavy-pratimok%e1%b9%a3a-precepts-ten-heavy-prohibitive-precepts.
Below are Practice Summary sections highlighting some 220 ‘precepts’ within the Forty-Eight Precepts (戒中戒).
佛告诸菩萨言：「已说十波罗提木叉竟，四十八轻今当说。
[The] Buddha told all [the] Bodhisattvas, saying, ‘[As I have] already spoken [of the] Ten Prātimokṣas completely, [the] Forty-Eight Light [Precepts] will now [be] spoken.
【第一不敬师友戒】
[First (Light) Precept (Against) Not Respecting Teachers (And) Friends]
若佛子！欲受国王位时、受转轮王位时、百官受位时，应先受菩萨戒。一切鬼神，救护王身、百官之身，诸佛欢喜。既得戒已，生孝顺心、恭敬心，见上座、和尚、阿阇黎、大德、同学、同见、同行者，应起承迎礼拜问讯。而菩萨反生憍心、慢心、痴心，瞋心，不起承迎礼拜，一一不如法供养，以自卖身，国城男女，七宝百物，而供给之，若不尔者，犯轻垢罪。
If, [as] Buddhas’ [Bodhisattva] disciples, when desiring [to] receive countries’ Kings’ positions, when receiving Wheel-Turning Kings’ positions, [and] when [a] hundred officials [are] receiving [their] positions, [they] should first receive [these] Bodhisattva Precepts. All ghosts [and] gods, [will] save [and] protect [these] Kings’ bodies, [the] bodies of [a] hundred officials, [and] all Buddhas [will be] joyful. Since [having] attained [these] Precepts, [they should] give rise [to the] mind [of] filial piety [and the] reverent mind. [When] seeing Elders, Venerables, Ācāryas, Great Virtuous [Ones], those learning together, [with the] same views [and] same practices, [they] should rise [to] receive, welcome, prostrate [to and] greet [them]. Yet [if] Bodhisattvas instead give rise [to the] pride[ful] mind, arrogant mind, deluded mind [and] angry mind, not rising [to] receive, welcome [and] prostrate, [with] each [and every] one according [to the] Dharma making offerings, with themselves selling [their] bodies, countries, cities, men [and] women, [the] seven treasures, [and a] hundred objects, then making offerings [to] give them, if [there are] those not [doing] thus, [they] commit [a] light defiled transgression.
Note [111] Precepts Before Power: Before gaining worldly power, there should be committing to being highly moral, so as to not harm any, and to help as many as possible. Even ghosts and gods will aid those who are morally good, while the Bodhisattvas and Buddhas will rejoice for those vowing and practising to join their ranks.
Note [112] Reverent Repayment: There should be reverent repayment of the kindness of all spiritual seniors and juniors, who are on the same path, respecting and facilitating their learning and practice at all (affordable) costs. There should not be prideful, arrogant, deluded and angry refusal to do so.
Note [113] Elder (上座): A monastic of thirty years or more, or with high virtuous practice (高德行) and blessed virtues (福德), or who has realised the path (证道).
Note [114] Venerable (和尚): A senior monastic of twenty years or more, Personal Teaching Teacher (亲教师), Refuge Master (皈依师) or Power Giving Rise (力生), from whom there was ‘power’ (力) to ‘give rise’ (生) to the Body Of Wonderful Precepts Without Outflows (无漏妙戒身).
Note [115] Ācārya (阿阇黎): A senior teacher or master of the Buddha Dharma, a Standard Teacher (轨范师) or Instructing Dharma Teacher (教诫法师), who teaches how to be complete with majestic conduct (威仪), showing by example.
Note [116] Great Virtuous One (大德): A monastic of great meritorious virtues (大功德), with virtuous practices great (德行大).
Summary For Practice:
(56) Receive Bodhisattva Precepts before receiving official positions.
(57) Give rise to filial piety and reverence.
(58) When seeing Elders, Venerables, Ācāryas, Great Virtuous Ones, those learning together, with the same views and practices, receive, welcome, prostrate to and greet them.
(59) Do not give rise to pride, arrogance, delusion and anger, to not accord with the Dharma to make offerings, even if needing to sell your possessions and treasures.
【第二饮酒戒】
[Second (Light) Precept (Against) Drinking Alcoholic (Beverages)]
若佛子！故饮酒，而酒生过失无量。若自身手过酒器与人饮酒者，五百世无手，何况自饮。亦不得教一切人饮，及一切众生饮，况自饮酒，一切酒不得饮。若故自饮、教人饮者，犯轻垢罪。
If [as] Buddhas’ [Bodhisattva] disciples, intentionally drinking alcoholic [beverages], then [might] alcoholic [beverages] give rise [to] faults [that are] immeasurable. If [there are] those personally [by] hand passing alcoholic beverages’ vessels [to] give others [for] drinking alcoholic [beverages, for] five hundred lifetimes [will they be] without hands, what more [if to] personally drink [them]? Likewise, [they] must not instruct all humans [to] drink, and all [other] sentient beings [to] drink alcoholic [beverages], what more [to] personally drink alcoholic [beverages], all alcoholic [beverages] must not [be] drunk. If intentionally personally drinking, [or] instructing others [to] drink, [they] commit [a] light defiled transgression.
Note [117] Never Drink Alcohol: As consuming of alcoholic beverages (and other potentially intoxicating food and drinks) can lead to loss of mindfulness (and unhealthy addiction), thus leading to the breaking of all other Precepts, this should not be done.
Note [118] Never Encourage Drinking of Alcohol: Due to the above potential harms, there should not even be passing of alcohol vessels to others. If this is done, (without repentance for evil karmas’ mitigation), there will be rebirths for five hundred lives as beings without hands (such as worms, snakes, birds and other such beasts), who represent those highly ignorant, (or as handicapped humans, perhaps mentally confused with dull-mindedness).
Practice Summary:
(60) Do not pass alcohol receptacles (i.e. bottles and cups) to others.
(61) Do not drink alcohol.
(62) Do not teach drinking of alcohol.
Learn more:
Should Bodhisattva Preceptors Buy Meat For Others?
菩萨戒子该为别人买肉吗？
Should Preceptors Break Precepts For Others?
持戒者该为别人破戒吗？
https://thedailyenlightenment.com/2024/04/should-bodhisattva-preceptors-buy-meat-for-others
Why Avoidance Of Alcohol Is So Important
https://thedailyenlightenment.com/2016/08/why-avoidance-of-alcohol-is-so-important
【第三食肉戒】
[Third (Light) Precept (Against) Eating Meat]
若佛子！故食肉，一切肉不得食。夫食肉者，断大慈悲佛性种子，一切众生见而舍去。是故一切菩萨，不得食一切众生肉，食肉得无量罪。若故食者，犯轻垢罪。
If [as] Buddhas’ [Bodhisattva] disciples, [of] intentionally eating meat, all meat must not [be] eaten. Those [who] eat meat, sever [the] great loving-kindness [and] compassion [of their] Buddha-nature’s seed, [with] all sentient beings [who] see [them] abandoning [them]. Therefore, all Bodhisattvas, must not eat all sentient beings’ meat, [with] eating meat attaining immeasurable transgressions. If [there are] those intentionally eating [it, they] commit [a] light defiled transgression.
Note [119] Never Eat Meat: As meat-eating disconnects from the loving-kindness and compassion of Buddha-nature, and even from sentient beings, especially those whose kind are being eaten, thus creating immeasurable transgressions, it must not be done.
Practice Summary:
(63) Do not eat all sentient beings’ meats.
Learn more:
How Should Buddhists See The Plant-Based Based Revolution?
https://thedailyenlightenment.com/2022/06/how-should-buddhists-see-the-plant-based-meat-revolution
Which Is More Allowable For Consuming?
https://thedailyenlightenment.com/2018/10/which-is-more-allowable-for-consuming
How The Buddha Gradually Urged The Kindest Diet
https://thedailyenlightenment.com/2017/02/how-the-buddha-gradually-urged-the-kindest-diet
Why Do Buddhists Avoid Meat-Eating And Practise Animal Liberation
https://thedailyenlightenment.com/2016/06/why-do-buddhists-avoid-meat-eating-practise-animal-liberation
How Do All Aspiring For Buddhahood Eat And Drink?
上求佛道者应当如何饮食?
https://thedailyenlightenment.com/veg.
Should Bodhisattva Preceptors Buy Meat For Others?
菩萨戒子该为别人买肉吗？
Should Preceptors Break Precepts For Others?
持戒者该为别人破戒吗？
https://thedailyenlightenment.com/2024/04/should-bodhisattva-preceptors-buy-meat-for-others
《大乘入楞伽经断食肉品第八》
The Great Vehicle’s Entry Of Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra’s Eighth Chapter On Severing Of Eating Meat
https://purelanders.com/lengqie
【第四食五辛戒】
[Fourth (Light) Precept (Against) Eating Five Pungent (Roots)]
若佛子！不得食五辛：大蒜、革葱、慈葱、兰葱、兴蕖。是五种，一切食中不得食。若故食者，犯轻垢罪。
If, [as] Buddhas’ [Bodhisattva] disciples, [they] must not eat [the] five pungent [roots, of garlic, leek, onion, chive and asafoetida (i.e. hing)]. These five kinds, within all foods, must not [be] eaten. If intentionally eating [them, they] commit [a] light defiled transgression.
Note [120] Never Eat The Five Pungent Roots: As eating of these roots give rise to greed for sense pleasures when cooked, and to anger when raw, while attracting (potentially evil) hungry ghosts and keeping (potentially good [Dharma-protector]) gods [护法神] away, they must not be eaten, even as an ingredient.
Practice Summary:
(64) Do not eat the five pungent roots of garlic, leek, onion, chive and asafoetida (hing) directly or within all foods.
Learn more:
Which Is More Allowable For Consuming?
https://thedailyenlightenment.com/2018/10/which-is-more-allowable-for-consuming
How Should Buddhists See The Plant-Based Based Revolution?https://thedailyenlightenment.com/2022/06/how-should-buddhists-see-the-plant-based-meat-revolution
【第五不教悔罪戒】
[Fifth (Light) Precept (Against) Not Teaching (To) Repent (For) Transgressions]
若佛子！见一切众生犯八戒、五戒、十戒，毁禁、七逆、八难、一切犯戒罪，应教忏悔。而菩萨不教忏悔，同住、同僧利养，而共布萨，同一众住说戒，而不举其罪，不教悔过者，犯轻垢罪。
If [the] Buddha’s [Bodhisattva] disciples, see all sentient beings violating [the] Eight Precepts, Five Precepts, Ten Precepts [and] Prohibitions, [with the] Seven Heinous [Transgressions and] Eight Difficulties, [of] all [who] violate [the] Precepts [with] transgressions, [they] should [be] instructed [to have] repentance. Yet, if Bodhisattvas [do] not instruct repentance, together living, together [with] monastics’ gains, and together [practising] Upoṣatha, together [in the] same one assembly living [and] speaking [its] Precepts, yet not raising these transgressions, those not instructing [them to] repent [for their] faults, commit [a] light defiled transgression.
Note [121] Teach Precept-Violators To Repent: Bodhisattva Preceptors should advise those who violate Precepts to practise repentance. Even those with the Eight Difficulties (below) should practise repentance as they arise from evil karmas, from the breaking of Precepts.
Note [122] Raise Precept-Violators’ Transgressions: Bodhisattva Preceptors, especially monastics, should not live with and use gains from those who violate Precepts, while not pointing out their transgressions, if they are still unrepentant. (To do so is to live with and off ill-gotten gains of the evil, while not being good fellow Bodhisattva Preceptors who help to address and overcome one another’s moral mistakes.)
Note [123] Eight Difficulties (八难): From not seeing a Buddha (见佛) to hear the Right Dharma (正法):
(i) Difficulty of being in the hell path (在地狱难)
(ii) Difficulty of being in the hungry ghost path (在饿鬼难)
(iii) Difficulty of being in the animal path (在畜生难)
(iv) Difficulty of being in a long-life heaven (在长寿天难)
(v) Difficulty of being in border land’s Uttarakuru (在边地之郁单越难)
(vi) Difficulty of being blind, deaf and/or mute (盲聋喑哑难)
(vii) Difficulty of having worldly knowledge and intelligence to debate (世智辩聪难)
(viii) Difficulty of being born before a Buddha or after a Buddha (生在佛前佛后难)
Practice Summary:
(65) If seeing others break Precepts and/or with difficulties, teach them to repent.
(66) Do not not teach repentance, and live with unrepentant Precept-breakers with the same monastic benefits.
(67) During Upoṣatha (for recitation and repentance of these Precepts), raise their transgressions and teach them to repent.
Learn more:
How To Neither Gossip Nor Slander
https://thedailyenlightenment.com/2022/11/how-to-neither-gossip-nor-slander
Dark Side Of ‘The Good Nurse’
https://thedailyenlightenment.com/2022/11/dark-side-of-the-good-nurse
Those Who Have Transgressions Should Repent
有罪者当忏悔
https://thedailyenlightenment.com/2024/06/those-who-have-transgressions-should-repent
Are All In ‘Monastic Robes’ Beyond Question?
https://thedailyenlightenment.com/2017/06/are-all-in-monastic-robes-beyond-question
【第六不供给请法戒】
[Sixth (Light) Precept (Against) Not Making Offerings (To) Provide (And) Requesting Teachings]
若佛子！见大乘法师、大乘同学、同见、同行，来入僧坊，舍宅城邑。若百里千里来者，即起迎来送去、礼拜供养。日日三时供养，日食三两金，百味饮食，床座医药，供事法师，一切所须，尽给与之。常请法师，三时说法。日日三时礼拜，不生瞋心、患恼之心，为法灭身，请法不懈。若不尔者，犯轻垢罪。
If [the] Buddha’s [Bodhisattva] disciples, see [the] Great Vehicle’s Dharma Teachers, [those with the] Great Vehicle together learning, [with] the same views [and] same practices, coming [to] enter monastic quarters, residences [and] cities. If they, [from a] hundred lǐs [and a] thousand lǐs come, immediately rise [to] welcome [them] coming [and] send [them] off, prostrate [to and] make offerings [to them]. Every day [in the] three periods make offerings, [in the] day [with] food [of] three liǎngs [of] gold, [with a] hundred flavours [of] drinks [and] food, bedding, seats [and] medicine, offering [to and] serving [these] Dharma Teachers, [with] all that [is] needed, [to the] utmost giving them. Constantly request [these] Dharma Teachers, [in the] three periods [to] speak [the] Dharma. Every day [in the] three periods prostrating, not giving rise [to the] angry mind, [the] mind of suffering [and] afflictions, for [the] Dharma destroying [the] body, [with] requesting [for the] Dharma untiring. If [there are] those not [doing] thus, [they] commit [a] light defiled transgression.
Note [124] Support The Buddhas’ Disciples: There should be respectful and utmost supporting of the needs, such as food, lodging and medication, of those teaching, learning and practising the same path to Buddhahood, even if they have come from afar. (One lǐ is about 500 metres. One liǎng is one tael, which is about 50 grams.)
Note [125] Request The Dharma: There should be respectful, patient and untiring requesting of those coming teachers to regularly speak the Dharma.
Practice Summary:
(68) If seeing the Great Vehicle’s Dharma Teachers, and those learning together, with the same views and practices coming from afar, welcome and send them off.
(69) Prostrate to and make adequate and good food offerings to them thrice daily, with bedding, seats, medicine and all other needs.
(70) Without anger and afflictions, sacrifice untiringly to invite them to speak the Dharma thrice daily.
【第七懈怠不听法戒】
[Seventh (Light) Precept (Against Being) Lazy (To) Hear (The) Dharma]
若佛子！一切处，有讲法毗尼经律，大宅舍中有讲法处，是新学菩萨，应持经律卷，至法师所，听受咨问。若山林树下、僧地房中、一切说法处，悉至听受。若不至彼听受咨问者，犯轻垢罪。
If [the] Buddha’s [Bodhisattva] disciples, [at] all places, [that] have speaking [of the] Dharma, Vinaya, Sūtras [and] Discipline, within great residences [that] have places [with] speaking [of the] Dharma, these new learning Bodhisattvas, should hold [the] Sūtras [and] Discipline’s scrolls, [to] arrive [at their] Dharma Teachers’ places, [to] hear, receive [and] enquire [on them]. If [at] mountains [and] forests’ trees below, [and] monastic grounds’ rooms within, [at] all places [with] speaking [of the] Dharma, all [should be] arrived [at for] hearing [and] receiving [it]. If [there are] those not arriving [at] those [places to] hear, receive [and] enquire, [they] commit [a] light defiled transgression.
Note [126] Learn The Dharma Diligently: Beginner Bodhisattvas should go to wherever the Right Dharma (正法) is taught, to learn and ask about it. (To prevent possible temptation and slander, a layperson, especially of the opposite gender, should not be with a monastic in an enclosure alone.)
Practice Summary:
(71) Beginner Bodhisattvas should bring the Sūtras and Discipline, to wherever they are taught, to listen to, receive and enquire on their teachings.
【第八背大向小戒】
[Eighth (Light) Precept (Against Turning The) Back (On The) Great (To Go) Towards (The) Small]
若佛子！心背大乘常住经律，言非佛说，而受持二乘声闻，外道恶见、一切禁戒邪见经律者，犯轻垢罪。
If [the] Buddha’s [Bodhisattva] disciples, [have their] minds [turn their] backs [on the] Great Vehicle’s constantly abiding Sūtras [and] Discipline, saying [they are] not [by the] Buddha spoken, then receiving [and] upholding [the] Two Vehicles, Voice-Hearers [and] external paths’ evil views, all [their] Prohibitive Precepts, evil views, Sūtras [and] Discipline, [they] commit [a] light defiled transgression.
Note [127] Never Turn Your Back On The Great Vehicle: Bodhisattva Preceptors must not turn their backs on the Sūtras and Discipline for Buddhahood, and claim they were not taught by the Buddha, while accepting those of the Small Vehicle and external paths instead.
Practice Summary:
(72) Do not betray the Great Vehicle by saying its Sūtras and Discipline were not spoken by the Buddha.
(73) Do not receive and uphold the Small Vehicle, and external paths’ evil views, scriptures and discipline.
【第九不看病戒】
[Ninth (Light) Precept (Against) Not Seeing (Those) Sick]
若佛子！见一切疾病人，常应供养，如佛无异，八福田中，看病福田，是第一福田。若父母师僧弟子病、诸根不具、百种病苦恼，皆供养令瘥。而菩萨以恶心瞋恨不看，不至僧坊、城邑、旷野、山林、道路中，见病不救济者，犯轻垢罪。
If [as] Buddhas’ [Bodhisattva] disciples, seeing all sick persons, [they] should constantly make offerings [to them], like [to the] Buddhas, without differences. Within [the] Eight Blessings’ Fields, seeing [the] Sick’s Blessing Field, is [the] foremost Blessing Field. If fathers, mothers, monastic teachers [and] disciples [are] sick, [with] many roots not complete, [and a] hundred kinds [of] sicknesses’ suffering [and] afflictions, all [should be] caused [to] recover [from] sickness. Yet, those Bodhisattvas, with evil minds [and] anger not seeing [them], not arriving within monastic quarters, cities, [the] wilderness, mountains, forests [and] roads, [to] see [the] sick, not saving [and] aiding [them, they] commit [a] light defiled transgression.
Note [128] Support The Sick: There should be good and patient seeing, saving and supporting of all the sick and disabled, to aid in their recovery, wherever they are.
Note [129] Eight Blessings’ Fields’ (八福田):
(i) Buddhas’ Field (佛田)
(ii) Noble Persons’ Field (圣人田)
(iii) Monastics’ Field (僧田)
(iv) Venerables’ Field (和尚田)
(v) Ācāryas’ Field (闍黎田)
(vi) Fathers’ Field (父田)
(vii) Mothers’ Field (母田)
(viii) The Sick’s Field (病田)
Practice Summary:
(74) Make offerings to all the sick like to the Buddhas.
(75) If there are parents, monastic teachers, disciples, those handicapped, suffering from many sicknesses, they should be supported till recovery.
(76) Do not, with hatred and anger, not visit the unwell, wherever they are.
(77) If seeing the sick in cities and the wilderness, save and aid them.
【第十畜杀众生具戒】
[Tenth (Light) Precept (Against) Storing Instruments (For) Killing Sentient Beings]
若佛子！不得畜一切刀杖、弓箭、矛斧、斗战之具，及恶网罗、杀生之器，一切不得畜。而菩萨乃至杀父母，尚不加报，况余一切众生，不得畜杀众生具。若故畜者，犯轻垢罪。
If [as] Buddhas’ [Bodhisattva] disciples, [they] must not store all knives [and] staves, bows [and] arrows, spears [and] hatchets, instruments of fighting wars, and evil nets. Implements that kill [sentient] beings, all must not [be] stored. Yet, Bodhisattvas, and even [with] killing [of their] fathers [and] mothers, also [do] not inflict revenge, moreover [for] other all sentient beings, [they] must not store instruments [for] killing sentient beings. If [there are] those thus storing [them, they] commit [a] light defiled transgression.
Note [130] Never Store Weapons And Avenge: There must not be keeping of weapons and traps, for killing of sentient beings, and even for avenging of parents, (because expressing of such hatred only brews more hatred, thus creating more suffering and evil karmas).
Practice Summary:
(78) Do not store all weapons and traps for killing sentient beings.
(79) Do not take revenge even for one’s parents, what more all other beings.
Learn more:
‘Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword Of Destiny’ That Is Arbitrary
https://thedailyenlightenment.com/2016/06/crouching-tiger-hidden-dragon-sword-of-destiny-that-is-arbitrary
如是十戒，应当学，敬心奉持。下六度品中广明。
Thus, [are the first] ten [Light] Precepts, [which] should [be] learnt, [with the] reverent mind upholding [them. The] below Chapter [On] Six Perfections within [will] extensively explain.
The above continues at https://purelanders.com/2024/07/24/brahma-net-sutras-bodhisattva-precepts-text-forty-eight-light-precepts-part-2.
完整经典
Complete Sūtra:
《梵网经菩萨戒本》
Brahma Net Sūtra’s Bodhisattva Precepts’ Text
https://purelanders.com/pusa
