何为能往生阿弥陀佛净土的三种凡夫众生？
What Are The Three Kinds Of Ordinary Sentient Beings Who Can Attain Rebirth In Āmítuófó’s Pure Land?
释迦牟尼佛
Śākyamuni Buddha
《观经》
Contemplation Sūtra:
https://purelanders.com/guanjing
复有三种众生，当得往生。何等为三？
Moreover, [there] are three kinds [of] sentient beings, [who] will attain rebirth. What are [the] three?
一者慈心不杀，具诸戒行。
[1] First [are] those [with] loving-kindness’ mind, [who do] not kill, [and are] complete [with] all precept practices.
[Note 1: See detailed explanation from commentary below at https://purelanders.com/2020/06/14/what-is-the-first-kind-of-beings-who-reach-pure-land.]
二者读诵大乘方等经典。
[2] Second [are] those [who] study [and] recite [the] Great Vehicle’s right [and] equal sūtras.
[Note 2: See detailed explanation from commentary below at https://purelanders.com/2020/06/14/what-is-the-second-kind-of-beings-who-reach-pure-land.]
三者修行六念，回向发愿，愿生彼国。
[3] Third [are] those [who] cultivate practice [of the] Six Mindfulnesses, dedicating [with] giving rise [of] aspiration, aspiring [for] birth [in] that land.
[Note 3: See detailed explanation from commentary below at https://purelanders.com/2020/06/14/what-is-the-third-kind-of-beings-who-reach-pure-land.]
[Note 4: The Six Mindfulnesses (六念) are mindfulness of Buddha (佛), Dharma (法), Saṃgha (僧), Precepts (戒), Generosity (施) and Heavenly (天) Beings’ Ten Good Karmas (十善业): https://purelanders.com/shishan, while mindfulness of Buddha (念佛) is foremost and encompasses all: https://purelanders.com/2021/05/04/with-mindfulness-of-buddha-foremost-enter-nirvaas-realm.]
具此功德，一日乃至七日，即得往生。
Complete [with] these meritorious virtues, [in] one day and even seven days, [they will] immediately attain rebirth.
[Note 5: [1], [2] and [3] refer to [1], [2] and [3] below.]
净土宗二祖善导大师
Pure Land Tradition’s Second Patriarch Great Master Shàndǎo
《观经四贴疏》
Commentary On The Contemplation Sūtra In Four Fascicles:
第三，重举九品返对破者。
Third, again raising that [on the] Nine Grades, replying [to] correct [and] refute.
诸师云上品上生人是四地至七地已来菩萨者。
Many teachers say [the] High Grade High Birth’s persons are those Fourth Ground to Seventh Ground Bodhisattvas [and] after.
何故《观经》云「三种众生，当得往生」。何者为三？
[For] what reason [does the] Contemplation Sūtra say ‘[there are] three kinds [of] sentient beings, [who] will attain rebirth’. Who are [the] three?
一者但能持戒修慈；
[1] First [are] those only able [to] uphold precepts [and] cultivate loving-kindness.
二者不能持戒修慈，但能读诵大乘；
[2] Second [are] those not able [to] uphold precepts [and] cultivate loving-kindness, only able able [to] study [and] recite [the] Great Vehicle’s [sūtras].
三者不能持戒、读经，唯能念佛法僧等。
[3] Third [are] those not able [to] uphold precepts [and] study sūtras, only able [to be] mindful [of the] Buddha, Dharma, Saṃgha [and] others [i.e. the Six Mindfulnesses (六念)].
此之三人，各以己业专精励意，一日一 夜，乃至七日七夜相续不断，各回所作之业，求愿往生。
Of these three persons, each with their karmas focused diligently, striving [with their] minds, [for] one day [and] one night, and even [for] seven days [and] seven nights, continually [and] uninterruptedly, [with] each dedicating their those create karmas, seeking [and] aspiring [to be] reborn.
[Note 6: For all three persons, at least the Three Provisions (三资粮) are needed for rebirth in the Pure Land: https://purelanders.com/2018/02/08/the-three-provisions.]
命欲终时，阿弥陀佛及与化佛菩萨大众，放光授手，如弹指顷，即生彼国。
When life [is] about [to] end, Amitā[bha] Buddha [i.e. Āmítuófó], and with manifested Buddhas [and] Bodhisattvas’ great assembly, [will] emit light [and] give [his] hand. Like [in the] snapping [of the] fingers’ moment, [they will] immediately [be] born [in] that land.
以此文证，正是佛去世后，大乘极善上品凡夫，日数虽少，作业时猛，何得判同上圣也？
With this textual confirmation, [they] precisely are, after [the] Buddha’s leaving [of this] world, [the] Great Vehicle’s utmost good high grade ordinary beings, [with] days’ number although few, when creating [pure] karmas vigorously, how can [they be] classified [to be the] same [as] high noble [beings]?
然四地七地已来菩萨，论其功用，不可思议，岂藉一日七日之善，华台授手，迎接往生也？此即返对上上竟。
However, [of] Fourth Ground [to] Seventh Ground Bodhisattvas [and] after, regarding their meritorious actions, [which are] inconceivable, how [can they] rely on goodness of one day [to] seven days, [to have the] flower dais given [by] hand, [to be] welcomed [and] received [for] rebirth? This then [is with] replying [to] correct [on the] High [Grade] High [Birth] complete.
[Note 7: If they are high noble beings, they will not still need to rely on one day to seven days’ practice, as they should be well practised already.]
Namo Amituofo : Translation and notes by Shen Shi’an
相关教理
Related Teachings:
十个凡夫亦能往生阿弥陀佛净土之经证
Ten Sūtra Proofs Of Rebirth In Āmítuófó’s Pure Land Being For Ordinary Beings Too
https://purelanders.com/2025/10/17/ten-sutra-proofs-for-rebirth-in-amituofos-pure-land-being-for-ordinary-beings-too
